被動(dòng)語態(tài)

在英語中，但說話者多動(dòng)作的承受者比多動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者更為關(guān)心時(shí)，或當(dāng)人不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)，或當(dāng)他認(rèn)為沒有必要指出是誰時(shí)，就會(huì)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

[例題]

1.He was almost hurt when the bus came to a sudden stop.

（當(dāng)公共汽車突然剎車時(shí)，他差點(diǎn)受傷。）

2.The reason for all the changes being made has not been explained to us yet.

（做出這些變化的理由還沒對(duì)我們解釋呢�。�

3.To understand the situation completely requires more thought than has been given thus far.

（要想徹底地了解局勢(shì)需要更多的考慮，而不是象目前這樣。）

4.Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.

（先對(duì)一項(xiàng)新工程要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)進(jìn)行認(rèn)真考慮，然后再開始，強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)是很重要的。）

5.The idea that learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by philosophers and educationalists throughout the centuries.

（多少世紀(jì)以來哲學(xué)家和教育家一直強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)習(xí)是人終生過程的這一看法。）

6.The decision was postponed.

（這個(gè)決定被推遲了。）

7.They are looked down upon[看不起] by me.

（我瞧不起他們。）

[解析]當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的邏輯主語是“誰”時(shí)，或當(dāng)我們沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的邏輯主語時(shí)，常常使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在我們強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，我們常常用by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。